Genitourinary Disorder Alteration in Fluid Elimination UTI Essay

Genitourinary Disorder Alteration in Fluid Elimination UTI Introduction Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects the various parts of the urinary system such as the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. In young children, this disease is common and potentially serious. Statistics show that approximately 1% of boys and 3-5% of girls are affected by UTI. While most cases of UTI in boys usually occur within the first year, the age at which the first case of UTI is diagnosed in girls varies greatly. There are many factors that predispose young children to UTI including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), incomplete emptying of the bladder, sexual abuse, pinworms, and fecal incompetence (Berreman, 2002). Correct diagnosis of UTI is paramount in order to avoid prescribing the wrong medication. In addition, correct diagnosis is critical in developing effective management and care plans for the patient which would go a long way in improving patient outcomes. During diagnosis, various diagnostic methods are used and the patient’s medical history as well as signs and symptoms ought to be a central focus by the clinician. This is important because as opposed to the more clear symptoms in older children and adults, UTI symptoms tend to be less specific and thus hard to detect in young children and infants. In fact, fever may turn out to be the only sign pointing to the possible presence of UTI in infants. In this case study, a case of UTI in a four month old female is examined with a special focus on the medical history, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and management and care of the patient. Medical history and physical assessment of the patient A female infant aged 4 months presents with chi... ...t should be taken. If they appear nontoxic, oral antibiotics and fluids can be used for treatment. However, for patients who appear toxic, parenteral antibiotics and intravenous fluids should be aggressively administered. Most patients with uncomplicated UTI respond well antibiotic treatments in outpatient care without further problems. However, patients with severe or chronic infections require close follow-up, imaging, and appropriate treatment to prevent further sequelae in the long term. If a patient’s condition responds well to therapy, repeated urinalysis and urine cultures are not necessary. Before choosing a particular empiric therapy, clinicians should be aware of antibiotic resistance due to previous exposure of some uropathogens to antibiotics such as in cases of otitis media (Fisher, Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection Treatment & Management, 2011).

Cultural Anthropology Essay

â€Å"The word anthropology is derived from the Greek words anthropo, meaning â€Å"human beings† or â€Å"humankind,† and logia, translated as â€Å"knowledge of† or â€Å"the study of.†1 Likewise, it is a study which comprises four subfields: the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology or ethnology, which constitutes a broad approach to the study of humanity.2 Furthermore, â€Å"Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.†3 Consequently, anthropology is a study or discourse of human being which deals human condition in every particular context and time, both past and present. It is a study that deals humans as biological species, as beings with culture and language present in a society, and so on. b. Cultural Anthropology â€Å"Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture, the subfield that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.4 So, it is in this field that human beings are studied in a cultural perspective in order to identify the commonality and difference of one culture to the other. Likewise, â€Å"Cultural anthropology or ethnology is the subfield of anthropology that examines various contemporary societies and cultures throughout the world.†5 Therefore, it does not study human being individually but societally or as a group, in order to come up with a generalization of their way of life. c. Ethnology â€Å"Ethnology examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of ethnography—the data gathered in different societies.†6 Likewise, â€Å"ethnology is the comparative science that attempts to identify and explain cultural differences and similarities, test hypotheses, and build theory to enhance our understanding of how social and cultural systems work.7 Thus, ethnology is the science in which the data gathered by the cultural anthropologist  from the different societies through observation are put into analysis and examination. In other words, it is a cross-cultural study. By this, cultural anthropologists describe the similarities and differences of one culture from the other and make generalization about society and culture. 2. What are the two approaches we use in the study of Anthropology? There are two ways of developing testable propositions: the inductive method and the deductive method. In the inductive method, the scientist first makes observations and collects data. On the other hand, deductive method of scientific research begins with a general theory from which scientists develop testable hypotheses. Data are then collected to evaluate these hypotheses. 3. Why the study of Anthropology is important today? Studying human beings, Anthropology is very important today for it examines, analyzes, compares and makes generalization about how people live and behave. In fact, it is so vital to study it these days for this field deals not only the present generation of the human kind but also even those of the past, the history and artifacts, with their way of life basically analyzed and is compared to what we have today. Likewise, it is also crucial to discuss this subject matter, especially cultural anthropology, for it gives anybody a kind of self-awareness to cultural diversity. Hence, anthropology will make us aware of cross-cultural understanding in this diverse world and appreciate the uniqueness of one culture to the other. Furthermore, studying so would give us knowledge in order to avoid ethnocentrism or superiority of one culture to the other for no culture is actually higher than the other. On one hand, anthropology contributes to a general liberal arts education, which helps students develop intellectually and personally, as well as professionally.8 So, it is important as well to study anthropology nowadays for it tries to investigate human condition according to four perspectives, namely, the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology, which is needed in every career that one may take. Well, for us, seminarians, I think it is an imperative to have knowledge about this course for it enables us to develop our understanding, especially when it comes to cross-cultural one, as future missionaries to foreign lands  someday.

The Reality Of A Utopian Society Essay - 2290 Words

A place where everyone comes together in peace and harmony, where people work, live and cooperate like heaven on earth. Some people may believe that these aspects of a perfect society are possible through the perfection of religion, politics, and examples through history. This society would exceed perfection and be called a Utopia. However, because of the imperfections and diversity within humanity, historical failed attempts of creating a perfect society, and different opinions on a Utopian society, creates the reality of a Utopian community unobtainable. In the 16th century, Sir Thomas More created an island that had a perfect law, politics, economy, and government. He implanted this perfect society idea in his book Utopia. During the 19th century, many philosophers, and novelists began to plunder into the idea of having their own Utopian society. They began to swim in the thoughts of having a perfect community. More’s book discusses how a man named Raphael Hythloday who has discovered what He states, â€Å"The institutions [the Utopians] have adopted have made their community most happy and, as far as anyone can tell, capable of lasting forever...† Here he explains that if a country has great power, then the people within will be happy. If his idea of a perfect place is possible then it will last forever. Throughout the book he explains different standards to what a perfect society would recollect. However, looking closer to the actual meaning of the word utopia, More chooseShow MoreRelatedOrigins Of The Mormon Pionee rs901 Words   |  4 Pagesbranded those early pioneers. After arriving in Utah, they wanted to further their Utopian movement. Mormons consecrated their talents and meager funds all together, to begin construction of the Salt Lake City temple (Scott). The Utopian society of Mormon’s believed that the legacy, authority, and influence of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, for their perfect world, stems from the highest â€Å"reality† that the Church s beginning was celestial: in other words, the Mormon history isRead MorePystopia Vs Utopia1382 Words   |  6 PagesMany utopian ideas are meant to provide a sense of progress and hopes for a better society. However, the utopian ideal many of us are familiar with has several underlying problems, most of which have to do with the unpredictability of human nature. People often act out of self interest and greed and are prone to corruption, or the abstract ideas that seem to work on paper have no feasible way of being reproduced with the desired results. There are too many outside factors that influence the way weRead More Literary Utopian Societies Essays1747 Words   |  7 Pages Literary Utopian Societies â€Å"The vision of one century is often the reality of the next†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nelson 108). Throughout time, great minds have constructed their own visions of utopia. Through the study of utopias, one finds that these â€Å"perfect† societies have many flaws. For example, most utopias tend to have an authoritarian nature (Manuel 3). Also, another obvious imperfection found in the majority of utopias is that of a faulty social class system (Thomas 94). But one must realized that the flawsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Utopia By Thomas More1195 Words   |  5 Pagessometimes accompanied by irony, comedy, and ambiguity. These elements help to convey to the readers what More’s truly intended message is. More utilizes the device of tone in Utopia in order to showcase the fundamental differences between Utopian and European society during that time. A prominent tone used by More throughout the story is irony. More uses an ironic tone through various characters, allowing readers to further discern the differences between Utopia and Europe. To do this, More utilizesRead MoreThe Enchanted Castle, By E. Nesbit949 Words   |  4 Pagesunconscious mind which allows one to take full control of the fantasy world and bring change to a society. Gerald, Jimmy, Kathleen and Mabel create and control the fantasy throughout the whole novel. Before the kids find out that the ring can do anything they say, they have an unconscious desire to understand the world and make it a better place. It is them who create the Gods who show them the utopian qualities of life, the Ugly-Wuglies who display the true characteristics of the upper class, andRead MoreDoes The Promise Of Paradise Produce Hell?1134 Words   |  5 PagesDoes the promise of paradise produce hell? The modern reality of the cities is defined by complex urban, social and environmental problems. The era of intense urbanisation is associated with the phenomenon of the unregulated urban sprawl, globalisation and consumerism. Especially for the metropolis, for both, the developed and developing countries, there is overconcentration of the population in confined spaces, which leads to insufficient-available infrastructures of common utility, accommodationRead MoreStanding Solider, Kneeling Slaves By Kirk Savage Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pagescivil war and after civil. He discusses the issue of inequality, race, and class through the use of the monument and sculptures that were being built during this time. On the other hand Bellamy’s book â€Å"Looking Backwards† proposes the idea of a Utopian society where everyone is equal and works for one sole employer; the nation. I will be discussing how Bellamy’s principles on labor would help solve the problems Savage pr oposes of slavery, racism, and gender inequality. Savage touches on the basisRead More Utopia - The Impossibility of Perfection Essay example1686 Words   |  7 PagesCommunist Manifesto, the search for a perfect social state has never stopped; its ultimate goal of achieving a human society that exists in absolute harmony with all due social justice, however, has proved to be woefully elusive. The pure concept of a utopia can be theoretically visualized as a perfect geometric circle: one that is seamless, all-inclusive, yet impossible to draw out in reality. In 1516, Sir Thomas More depicted in his famed Utopia what he envisioned to be an ideal state?one that freesRead MoreOpposition between Art and Reality in Shakespeares The Tempest1062 Words   |  5 PagesOpposition between Art and Reality in The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tempest is a self-reflexive play that explores the boundaries of art and reality. Shakespeares island is a realm controlled by the artist figure; where the fabulous, the ideal and the imaginative are presented as both illusory and palpable, and where the audience is held in an indeterminate state, a strange repose. The juxtaposition of the world of art with political and social realities explored by representative charactersRead More The Use of Soma to Shape and Control Society in Huxleys Brave New World1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe Use of Soma to Shape and Control Society in Huxleys Brave New World The future of the world is a place of thriving commerce and stability. Safety and happiness are at an all-time high, and no one suffers from depression or any other mental disorders. There are no more wars, as peace and harmony spread to almost every corner of the world. There is no sickness, and people are predestined to be happy and content in their social class. But if anything wrong accidentally occurs, there is a

Tomb of Unknown - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 721 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Tomb of the Unknowns The Tomb of the Unknowns in Arlington National Cemetery is a monument dedicated to American soldiers who have given their life in battle, only to be unidentifiable. Many people recognize the name, â€Å"Tomb of the Unknown Soldier†, but that is not the official name. It as a tool of closure for families whose loved ones paid the ultimate price for their country and whose bodies were not recovered or not recognizable. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Tomb of Unknown" essay for you Create order Bodies from every major conflict that America has been involved with, beginning with World War I, are buried in this homage to our unknown troops. The construction of this monument symbolized an emotion of not only what was lost, but what has also survived. It inspires tribute to our soldiers that have perished fighting to protect and serve their fellow countryman. This tomb recognizes that although the brave members of our armed services may die in battle, that we appreciate and will never forget the sacrifice that they have given for the rest of us. In order for this monument to be relevant to future generations, I believe that we can never forget the human tragedy of war. War is brutal and hideous, yet at the same time necessary from time to time for the survival of the innocent. As time passes, history will repeat itself and war will occur. With the scientific and medical advancements that have been made, it is becoming increasingly unlikely that soldiers’ remains will be unidentifiable. At the same time the same advancements in science and increasingly devastating weapons increase the possibility that soldiers could very well be unidentifiable. It is important that in the event that a body is not able to be identified, that we do have a representative from each war where this happens buried at this tomb. People remember and pass down significant happenings in their lives; very rarely do individuals share important history with the younger generation. For this monument to have meaning to future generations and centuries, it is important for the President to be present on Memorial and Veterans Days. With a Presidential appearance twice a year, it is certain that the majority of people will be unable to forget and appreciate this monument and what it symbolizes. The habits, not just of a single President, but of the Presidential Office do not go unnoticed and forgotten. Our leader’s actions are always in the public eye and his show of respect would set an example for the rest of the nation to follow. I also believe that everyone should visit this somber reminder that life is indeed fragile. It is sometimes a hard concept to grasp until you have seen the respect and honor that the guards of this tomb have for their fallen brethren. There are not many changes that I deem necessary for this monument. I believe that the cracks that have formed in the marble do need to be fixed. It makes the ground somewhat uneven and could eventually go all the way through the marble causing permanent damage. A damaged and broken monument does not serve the purpose that it was originally constructed for. It is also disrespectful to the unknown soldiers and the families of the unknown. I also believe that it needs to be more recognizable to citizens of this country. It is debatable that a large percentage of our population does not know of this monument. Name and Location of Monument: Tomb of Unknowns, Arlington National Cemetery Name 3 aspects of culture or three ideals it symbolized at the time it was placed: Remembrance of men that gave their life for our country Outpouring of emotion, not only for what was lost, but for what has survived Inspires gratitude Name 3 major cultural features that will need to be addressed in this monument to make it relevant in the 22nd century: Human tragedy of war Future unidentifiable bodies buried there Information passed down to future generations What ideal, theme, or symbol I think the monument would need to encompass in order to have meaning for the people of the 22nd century: Presidential attendance on Memorial and Veterans Days Witness changing of the guard What 2 or 3 primary changes would my re-envisioned monument incorporate? Properly fix cracks formed in marble Make it more known to the citizens of this country

Poverty Term Paper - 4739 Words

Outline I. Introduction A. Significance of the Study B. What is Poverty? C. History of Poverty in the Philippines D. Demographics of Poverty II. Entrenched factors associated with poverty A. Colonial Histories B. Centralization of Power C. Corruption D. Warfare E. Environmental degradation F. Social Inequality III. Lethal and Long-term Effect of Poverty A. Health B. Education C. Housing D. Violence E. Substance/Drug Abuse IV. Poverty Diminution/Reduction A. Holistic Approach B. Economic Liberalization†¦show more content†¦[3] Poverty has been redefined in industrial countries, so that anyone at the lower end of the income distribution is poor ex officio, as it was—poor by virtue of having less than the rich. And of course by this logic, the only way of eliminating poverty is by an egalitarian redistribution of wealth—even if the society as a whole were to become poorer as a result. [4] [2] Kaleen Alejandro, Poverty in the Philippines, Politics and Government (Philippines: www.oppapers.com, 2010), p.4 [3] Tricia Ellis-Christensen, What is Poverty?, Poverty Line (United States: www.geekwise.com, 2003), p.1 [4] Theodore Dalrymple, What is Poverty?, (England: www.cityjournal.org, 1999), p.2 History of Poverty in the Philippines Individuals are said to be in absolute poverty when they are unable to obtain at least a specified minimum of the food, clothing, and shelter that are considered necessary for continued survival. In the Philippines, two such minimums have been established. The poverty line is defined in terms of a least-cost consumption basket of food that provides 2,016 calories and 50 grams of protein per day and of nonfood items consumed by families in the lowest quintile of the population. In 1988 the poverty line for a family of six was estimated to be P2,709 per month. The subsistence level is defined as the income level that allows purchase of the minimum food requirementsShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay On Poverty1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition and viewing of poverty is a topic that many find highly debatable and close to the heart. Poverty is what most people see as not having enough to live on, and struggling to get anything more. Race and loc ation are often looked at in conjunction to poverty. The author of the first article, McMillian, focuses on redefining poverty to a general audience by limiting her word choice and choosing a more personal appeal to the intended audience. In the other article, the authors Fram, Miller-CribbsRead MoreThe Data Around Incarceration Rates And It s Correlations With Poverty Rates1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to look into the data around incarceration rates and it’s correlations with poverty rates in two separate locations in the United States of America (USA). The key points within this paper include incarceration, poverty, and medium income. This paper will look at these different key points and investigate these inequalities by location. Empirical Question: Do areas with higher poverty rates in the United States face disproportionate incarceration rates compared to areasRead MorePoverty Profiles And Coping Strategies Of The Hoar Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe paper titled â€Å"Poverty Profiles and Coping Strategies of the Hoar (Ox-bow lake) Households in Bangladesh† provides poverty estimates using different methods for Hoar areas of Bangladesh. The paper also gives a clear overview of how poor households face the seasonal poverty incidence that is endemic to this region. The main strength of the paper is relatively large sample size covering hoar areas across different districts of north-eastern part of Bangladesh. Since author(s) has a rich data setRead MoreEssay on Poverty and Common Mental Disorders in Developing Countries1040 Words   |  5 PagesThe two most striking take-home messages from this paper are: common mental disorders should be looked at on par with other diseases associated with poverty (like tuberculosi s); treatment and prevention of mental diseases should involve confronting poverty and economic development, apart from the medical interventions. The rest of the paper provides a discussion of the evidence backing these points and the ways in which they can be implemented. These conclusions and the reasons why they are remarkableRead MoreA Framework For Understanding Poverty1155 Words   |  5 Pages What is poverty? The official definition from Webster’s dictionary is â€Å"the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.† Why are people poor? According to the Washington Post, answers will vary greatly. â€Å"Poor people are lazy. Poor people don’t care about education. They’re alcoholics and drug abusers. They don’t want to work because they’re addicted to the welfare system.† Ruby Payne, an American educator and author who is best known for her bookRead MoreSample Size, Scale And Limitations1024 Words   |  5 Pagesis an empirical evaluation employs the process of evaluating an intervention. Therefore the focus is on the components of the SDP and evaluating the targeted outcomes of the program. In this study the progress of the targeted outcomes assessed in terms of tis its social security, food stamps and microcredit components. Based on empirical evidence the study details t he assess of its components namely youth employment, provision of food stamps, provision of social insurance, forced voluntary savingsRead MorePeter Singer s And Onora O Neill s Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesPhilosophers, Peter Singer’s and Onora O’Neill’s attempt to draw connection between poverty and moral philosophy and how aid should be directed towards groups in absolute poverty. The aim of this paper is to provide an extensive analysis on the work of both the philosophers’ while outlining some of the limitations each of the theories has. Peter Singer is an Australian philosopher who has written extensively on poverty and social issues. Peter Singer states that â€Å"giving to charity† or neither charitableRead MoreMain Issues That Affect The Quality Of Access Education1688 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper discusses five main issues that affect the quality of and access to education in developing countries, namely; economic barriers, conflict barriers, climate change barriers, gender barriers, and language barriers. Definitions of ‘education’ such as â€Å"the acquisition of the art of the utilisation of knowledge† (Whitehead, 1966), or â€Å"making available to each generation the organised knowledge of the past† (Good, 1959, p191), or â€Å"the means whereby one generation transmits the wisdom, knowledgeRead MoreThis Study Focuses On How The Minimum-Wage Serves As A1162 Words   |  5 Pagesestablished as anyone earning less than or equal to $1.00 above the 1997 wage of $5.15, as adjusted by inflation. While minimum-wage was developed as a floor for wages, this study asserts that a worker with one child will be nearly $3,000 below the poverty line even if they work full-time, full-year. It was concluded that many prime-age workers are not likely to move into a job paying above minimum wage if they were in a minimum-wage job to start with; over one third of all low-wage workers remainedRead MorePoverty Is A Global Concern And Its Eradication1376 Words   |  6 Pages Poverty is a global concern and its eradication is becoming surmountable. This is primarily due to the challenges posed by international and national causes respectively. Besides, the complexity of the phenomenon has not lend itself to be easily eradicated. Little wonder the world continues to struggle to eradicate poverty. Africa is one of the poorest countries on the universe and research and data show that Sierra Leone is one of the poorest countries in Sub-Sahara (UNDP, 2015). Sierra Leone’s

Grocery Retail Industry free essay sample

The first Tesco shop opened in Edgware, North London in 1929; although the creator of Tesco was a man called Jack Cohen who sold the first own-brand product in 1924, this product was ‘Tesco Tea’. Now 82 years on Tesco currently operates in 14 countries across the globe. The name Tesco comes from TE Stockwell who was a shared partner of the tea firm which created the tea Jack Cohen sold. Therefore taking the initials ‘TES’ from Stockwell’s name and the first 2 initials of Cohen’s surname ‘CO’ this then creates ‘Tesco’. By using marketing theories and strategies I am going to analyse Tesco as an organisation. Tesco’s current market The retail industry is a very competitive industry due to customers not always being loyal but being persuaded by price, quality and range of products. In order to gain customer loyalty Tesco’s must ensure they keep costs down and offer a wide range of products. As previously mentioned Tesco’s have stores in 14 countries, the shops are built where there are high demands and where communities allow buildings to be constructed. Location of Tesco shops Figure 1 – World map of where. Analysis Pest Analysis Using the PEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) this will show how Tesco works within the grocery retail industry. P – Tesco works close within the local communities of their stores. A quote taken from the corporate responsibility section of the website states; â€Å"We want to be a good neighbour in all the communities in which we operate† This means that within local communities they make a long term difference and showing interest in activities around the community. By doing so this gains customer loyalty. A national political issue is the increasing rates of unemployment, due to Tesco still growing more jobs become available as a result reducing the rate of unemployment. Expand on more issues. E – Due to Tesco being a large retailer selling named branded products as well as home branded products there are able to appeal to all types of markets. As Tesco is just one of the major retailers with competition such as Asda and Morrisons, as well as the current recession, Tesco are required to be very competitive with their prices. Socially there has been an increase in fitness and healthy eating therefore products such as fruit/vegetables/smoothies etc should be on the increase but due to the financial issue at the moment customers buy pre-prepared products or frozen meals for convenience and cost. T – Tesco offers an online service in order for customers to purchase grocery shopping online via the internet which they can then get delivered. An example of a technological factor in store would be the introduction of self service checkouts which entitles a customer to scan and pay for their own shopping. Internal SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Home branded products Capacity of staff Online services Worldwide company Opportunities Threats Play area Other supermarket chains Hair and beauty salons in store Tesco food platters Figure 2 – SWOT Analysis table Strengths Home brand products – By Tesco selling home branded products they are able to make a bigger profit on products. Branded products are purchased from the producer and it is then up to Tesco to sell these on for a profit as well as keeping costs down. Any amount of profit made on a home branded product is completely profited by Tesco. Online Services – Tesco operates online and due to the internet being a massive part of economy today this is a massive strength. Tesco also offers other services such as ‘Tesco direct’ which is a catalogue shop where products can be ordered online and either collected in store or can be delivered. Worldwide Company – Tesco is known all over the world which increases acknowledgement of the store. Customers tend to trust shops with they are familiar with. Opportunities Tesco food platters – Tesco’s could offer a service of creating food platters to be delivered. This would be very successful within businesses who order buffets regularly. This could include creating different ranges of buffet which vary in price and then delivering. Sainsbury’s offer a similar service called ‘Instore party platter service’ although their buffets are to be collected in store whereas if Tesco deliver the buffets then this is an advantage above the competition. Weaknesses Capacity of Staff – Within the UK stores there are 293,676 members of staff working in Tesco Stores (figure correct as of 10/1/12 according to Tesco Plc. com). Due to the mass amount of staff employed by Tesco as an organisation the personal relationships which can be found in a small organisation aren’t likely to be present. Employees may feel like ‘just a number’ within the organisation therefore rubbing off a negative attitude onto customers. Threats Other supermarket chains – Retail is a competitive business and there are several popular supermarket chains. One of Tesco’s biggest competitors is Asda, Asda has the guarantee of ‘If we’re not 10% cheaper on your comparable grocery shopping we’ll give you the difference. Guaranteed. ’ This puts the pressure on Tesco to offer deals to keep their current customers and to gain potential new ones. Tesco also have smaller stores called ‘Tesco Extra’ which are more for convenience shopping and in smaller areas of town. Asda have now started building convenience stores named ‘Asda Supermarket’ therefore not only are Asda a competitor with the larger stores but also with the smaller stores too. Micro-environment Analysis Porters Five Forces Figure 3 – Porter’s five forces 1. Existing competitors – Tesco’s main competitors are Sainsbury, Asda and Morrisons as they are all large supermarkets. Tesco offer an online service in order for customers to order their shopping online and for it to be delivered. This is a service that Asda also offers although Morrisons hasn’t yet developed online. If these organisations have the same strategic ideas then this increases the level of competition. â€Å"Operating in a mature, flat market where growth is difficult and consumers are increasingly demanding and sophisticated, large chains such as Tesco are accruing large amounts of consumer information that can be used to communicate with the consumer† Ritz (2005) Relating to exit barrier it is difficult for an organisation such as Tesco known as a grocery retailer to move into non-food areas although they offer a range of different services within retail. In order to respond to customer behaviour Tesco is left as having to reduce its prices to the lowest possible amount. 2. Bargaining power of customers – This is very high as it’s the customers who profit the company. If a price is too high then customers may go to another large supermarket for the same product or an alternative. This may also apply if a product is out of stock. Also within a large supermarket like Tesco there are many different bands or products which leave the customer in a lower ratio than products. Threat of new entrants – It is very difficult to enter into the large Supermarket chain as it’s a limited business. Also Tesco is already set up with it’s suppliers with lower prices making it hard for a new business to find cheaper suppliers. A new business would require starting out small in order to build customer loyalty, also they would have limited stock of brands or less products yet bought as a higher price. 4. Bargaining power of suppliers – Within a small organisation a supplier would have a lot of power and demand that there products are bought at a set  price, this leaves small retailers at a disadvantage as they need to make a profit on items. Whereas with large Supermarkets they can determine what price they will pay for a product, if a supplier disagrees they are automatically reducing the product market. 5. Substitute products – In the larger stores there are many like-for-like products including own brands within Tesco which can reduce sales of products. â€Å"General substitution is able to reduce demand for a particular product, as there is a threat of consumers switching to the alternatives† Porter M. Therefore larger supermarkets like Tesco have opened their stores but to a smaller scale which offers customers many of the same popular products but a limited range. Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning (STP) Consumer Segmentation Tesco have a great advantage of finding out customer data using the Tesco Clubcard scheme. When a customer registers for a Clubcard they must fill in their basic information in order to enter the scheme. When a customer uses their Clubcard during a transaction then Tesco is able to see what the customer has purchased. After a while when a customer has made several transactions then Tesco are able to collect data about that customer and compare to see which items are commonly purchased and what brand/type of items. By doing so Tesco is able to determine the lifestyle of that particular customer and create a profile. Once this has been done then Tesco are able to provide each individual customer with the appropriate promotions and special offers so that customers can relate good prices for the products they regularly buy to Tesco, therefore staying loyal. An example of this would be if a customer bought items such as ‘Quorn’ or ‘vegetarian sausages’ then they wouldn’t expect to receive meat discount vouchers from Tesco Clubcard. Targeting Tesco targets all types of markets. Price bands – dependant upon where the store is situated – upper class, middle class, lower class will depend upon a price band. Price band 1 being the cheapest, price band 4 being the more expensive. Eg if store located in Westcliffe, would be price band 1 to keep the lower class people shopping. If store located in an upmarket neighbourhood, would be price band 4 to take more money off the upper class people for same products. Dependant upon store size will depend upon price bands also, because a larger store will have a bigger buying in margin ( where tesco will get discount off a product for buying more in bulk) where as a smaller convenience store will have a smaller buying in margin so will not be able to give the customer a discount like the bigger stores. Positioning In 1997 Tesco were known as a large retailer within the grocery retail market. They then developed the marketing strategy of becoming â€Å"as strong in non-food as in food†. 15 years on from when this challenge was set Tesco now deal in services such as; Tesco Direct FF – Tesco Clothing range Tesco Fuel Tesco Bank Tesco Mobile Tesco Opticians Tesco Entertainment Tesco Direct – This service provides customers with a catalogue which contains Tesco’s range of Electrical appliances, home furnishings, toys and many other products. Once selected these products can either be delivered or arrange to be collected from a local direct desk. This sort of service competes with that of Argos who is also a direct catalogue retailer. Tesco Clothing FF range – This is a difficult market for Tesco to enter into with a high entry barrier. The clothing retailer market is a very competitive business as you have the expensive designer shops ranging right down to the basic value for money clothing. Tesco tend to focus there clothing range on school clothes for children as this is something that appeals to parents. Parents aren’t prepared to spend lots of money on clothes which have to sustain a lot of wear and tear. In august 2011 Tesco promoted a back to school offer of a ? 15 bundle which includes trousers, skirt or a pinafore, a coat and a 3 pack of shirts or polo shirts.

Managment Case Study Essay Example

Managment Case Study Paper 1. In our view, Pope John Paul 2 the CEO of the world’s largest organization-Roman Catholic Church- is following the Goal Approach in evaluating the effectiveness of this huge organization. As his press secretary stated He wants things to be done, so he emphasizes on achievement of the goals by telling his subordinates what to do and letting them do their jobs. 1. The Curia: It is using Systems Resource Approach to measure the effectiveness of Church. It is concerned with how they are handled being an important sub-part of the system.Pope’s attention gave them the sense of purpose and a feeling that effectiveness depends upon successful interactions and dependency on others’ activities. 1. The Parish Priest: A parish Priest is using Goal Approach to measure the effectiveness of the Church. They just emphasize on the end results. Until and unless schools, hospitals and orphanages are working smoothly and showing results; they think Church as an entity operating effectively. 1. The Typical Catholic Layperson: In our view a Catholic layperson evaluates the Church’s effectiveness by the performance of the clergy.A common Catholic will just want the Church to follow all Catholic principles and give him/her the output in terms of guidance and problem solution. We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Managment Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Q2) Describe Catholic Church’s organization today. Has this structure changed under john Paul’s leadership? Ans) Catholic Church organization comprises of: It is the same structure that was in place ago but the main difference John Paul’s leadership has brought is the replacement of most Italian Clergy in Curia. It has given the administration new ideas and a complete turnover. Q3) Are there other ways to structure an organization of the size of the Catholic Church?Ans) Restructuring this huge type of organization is almost impossible. Its very difficult to alter that wider span of control or to centralize it. The only way to improve this structure (In my view) is to appoint teams working independently just to have a check and balance on the performance of the clergy without involving in their duties. Q4) What has John Paul done to improve the church’s effectiveness? Ans) Showing his excellent leadership qualities, Pope John Paul has invested a great amount of time travelling around the Globe and making his subordinates aware of their respective duties they had to perform.Using Goals Approach, he has clearly outlined each person in the organization the work they had to do and has given them a sense of purpose. By involving in their work, improving coordination amongst the members and taking their inputs, he has certainly improved his organizations effectiveness. Q5) Compare and contrast the pope’s role in the Catholic Church with the job of corporate CEO, such as Lee Lacocca at Chrysler corporation. Ans) The Commonality between both the CEOs is their devotion to their work, the way they understand their organization goals and the way they want those to be achieved.Both renowned for bringing a turnaround in their respective organizations when it was needed the most. But the main contrast in both the characters is that one is a CEO of a profit organization and the other being the head of a religious nonprofit organization. Both are pursuing different ultimate goals. One seeks to achieve the goal of profit maximization while the other seeks the maximum satisfaction of his followers and the strict implication of his religion. Both follow the same strategy but their domain is totally different.