Female genital Mutilation in Sudan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Female genital Mutilation in Sudan - Essay Example Concentrate is likewise drawn on the various routes through which the legislature of Sudan, distinctive global offices, neighborhood non-administrative associations, and common gatherings are attempting to stop this severe practice. Networks that training FGM perform it in changing manners. The World Health Organization has created three significant classes of FGM. There is Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Type 1 female circumcision is alluded to as clitoridectomy. This mostly includes the evacuation of the tip of the prepuce, with or without extraction of part or the whole clitoris. In Type 2, there is the evacuation of the clitoris along with part or the entirety of the labia minora. Type 3 female circumcision is additionally called infibulation. This includes the expulsion of most or the entirety of the female genitalia. In this sort, there is additionally the sewing of the vaginal opening, where just a little opening is took into account pee and menstrual stream (Islam and Uddin 2001, p. 72). Type 3 is viewed as the most serious type of FGM. In Sudan, there are various names that are utilized to allude to every one of the three sorts of female circumcision. Type 1 is alluded to as â€Å"Sunna.† This includes the expulsion of the tip of the prepuce. ... For example, a portion of the Muslim Sudanese hold that female circumcision is bolstered by Islam. Then again, the Muslim scholars in Sudan accept that there is no arrangement for FGM in the Koran (Islam and Uddin 2001, p. 73). In any case, Turshen (2000, p. 145) noticed that FGM is connected to Islam, despite the fact that not every single Muslim nation maintain it. As to the predominance of female circumcision in Sudan, the discoveries of Sudan Demographic and Health Survey (SDHS) of 1989 - 1990 show that 89% of the ever-hitched ladies have experienced some type of FGM. The Northern piece of Sudan positions high, with roughly 99% of the ever-hitched ladies having experienced circumcision (Landinfo 2008, p. 6). In 2001, Islam and Uddin led an examination in Sudan to decide the pervasiveness of female circumcision in the locale. Their examination concentrated on Haj-Yousif and Shendi, which are in the North, just as Juba, in the South. In any case, in this paper, the attention isn't on South Sudan. The investigation of Islam and Uddin (2001, p. 74) uncovered that female circumcision is exceptionally predominant in Sudan. 100% of the respondents in Shendi, and 87% of respondents in Haj-Yousif had experienced circumcision. The most common type of female circumcision was seen as the Pharaonic circumcision, which is the most serious structure. In Sudan, the procedure of female circumcision is performed by lay experts. These have next to zero information on the female life systems, or medication. The conditions under which female circumcision happens in Sudan are beneath the cleanliness guidelines. Moreover, no sedation is performed on the females before circumcision, and there is no sanitizing of the instruments used to perform female circumcision (Landinfo 2008, p. 9). A significant motivation behind why

Construction, operation and associated circuitry of common Assignment

Development, activity and related hardware of normal - Assignment Example All things being equal, this ought not be applied in the spaces, for example, court and gathering lobby, which see momentary controls as significant. The diminishing characteritisc could be accomplished through the fixing with fluorescent and glowing just as with HID. One of the types of lighting is niche lighting. It is conventional in that it is aberrant. This finds a ton of use in the fluorescent lighting, neon lighting or even rope. This can likewise be portrayed as a type of backdrop illumination. There are different methodologies that could be used to compelement this type of lighting. For instance, near divider lighting, or soffit, could be used to draw out an engaging surface, in spite of the fact that this has its impediments. As a rule, the impact is reliant upon the detail of the light that has been utilized. Recessed lighting is the generally applied component and has apparatuses that are joined to the roof to look engaging. The types of lighting can use the restricted sp otlight shafts and could even be made with reflectors. There are likewise the situations when the downlights involving inside reflector could be intended to suit the A-lights. Besides, the downlights could be LED, fluorescent, high thickness release or indecadent (Theraj, 2001). Another type of lighting is track lighting. This type of lighting earned ubiquity since it was anything but difficult to introduce, contrasted with the recessed type of lighting. Its installations are presently additionally made enriching and can likewise be appended to the dividers. The present ubiquity of these types of lighting settles upon its capacity to utilize low voltage, yet they guarantee security notwithstanding the way that they are embellishing. Their circuits are taken care of by ace transformers through the installations on the bar, rather than the methodology where even light is taken care of by a lot of transformers.The third type of lighting is link lighting, which is basically a changed ty pe of track lighting. Here, the lights dangle from cut links that lay on strain. In any case, lit up roof is additionally another type of lighting that was mainstream during the 1970s. This type of lighting depended on the boards of diffusers that were suspended beneath the bright lights. It finds a great deal of utilization in all the general types of lighting. In conclusion, neon lighting could likewise be considered as a type of lighting, which for the most part served a creative capacity. Circular drive Street lighting. Here, one of the prerequisite is that the illuminating presences ought to be structured so they are in consistence with the neighborhood zoning laws. The IES Lighting Handbook offes far reaching experiences with respect to the qualities that ought to be concurred to the outside spaces. On the off chance that the structure program makes details of a flood lighting, they ought to be given while the outside lighting ought to be to such an extent that it mixes with t he outer highlights of the structures. Roadway and Parking Lighting. The roadway and stopping lighting ought to be coordinated with HD wellsprings of light yet ought not go past the recommded estimations of 4 to 10 and 10 to 1 proportions. The stopping territories ought to have illuminating presences that are effective as well as mounted on the posts. Sodium lights might be ideal, however their effect should mix well with the earth. Assignment 2 The Principles of Good Lighting Design There are different rules that have been created with respect to productive lighting and lighting frameworks. The generally embraced

Case Estern BSC Essay Samples Reviewed

Case Estern BSC Essay Samples ReviewedCase Estern BSC Essay samples are suitable for online MSB and BS exam preparation for an international BSC (Education Service Business Administration) exam, while ensuring the highest level of instruction. As with other GMAT prep tools, these course materials and study aids come in a variety of packages and can be purchased by learning institution or ordered directly from the author of the study guides.Case Estern BSC Essay samples and packages offer both free and paid study guides and study material and quizzes, which can be used to prepare for the major BSC exam. While some programs come with full-course books, others only offer the basic curriculum or access to the Internet for study guides and exams.Whether you are taking the exam in person or online, Preparing for your BSC exam requires a thorough examination and preparation of the basics. With Case Estern Essay samples and tools, students can take their written BSC exam and review the infor mation outlined in the class lectures as well as practice test questions, all through the use of student-friendly tools. This unique mode of study allows students to review topics in depth, enabling them to focus on the concepts taught.The case study system that is being used for Case Estern BSC Essay samples is built around an instructional study guide, which provides students with a review and practice method for preparing for the exam. These materials contain the most up-to-date curriculum, which can be used to prepare for the exam. For example, students can review and write essays on all key topics, including curriculum specifications, topics of special interest, and future goals for the student.In addition to the program books and study guides, Case Estern BSC Essay samples also include learning tools for quizzes, tests, flash cards, and other study methods. Taking these tools with a good GMAT prep software such as GMAT PowerPrep or Practice Test Express is essential to learn e verything that is needed to succeed on the exam.Case Estern Essay samples are designed to help improve a student's abilities to write an essay as well as tackling topics in the course curriculum. This system is fully accredited by the Accreditation Council for Education in Medicine (ACEM) and is available at no cost to students taking the course.Exam preparation is difficult enough without having to deal with a teacher that will not take your notes or revise your work. One of the best things you can do to ensure your success on the exam is to use the same GMAT software that is used by many of the best students in the world.All that a student needs to prepare for a test is a system that can help them recognize the appropriate way to proceed with their exam preparations. Using a GMAT test prep resource that can save students time, helps them retain the information, and find the right strategies is important to ensuring success on the exam.

Research on Patterns of Online Consumer Behavior - 1374 Words

In an analysis of the consumer behavior online, with focus group as young adults aged between eighteen and thirty-four interested in buying a mobile phone or a related product ,Petrovic Dejan explained that the most relevant behavioral characteristics of online consumers and examine several ways they find, evaluate and compare product’s information. Comparison of the freshly collected surveyed data with the present existing consumer behavior theory resulted in number of issues related to a specific consumer group. The motive of this report is to translate these findings into a set of implementation activities on strategic and technological level and the execution of these recommendations will result in better conversion of visitors into†¦show more content†¦On 6/10/09 San Francisco, CA the leader in online Customer Experience Management software (CEM), announces the results of the 5th annual survey of online consumer behavior, commissioned by Tealeaf and c onducted by Harris Interactives. The survey concludes that 48% of U.S. adults are now conducting more online transactions than they did in the past given the current economic climate. However, 80% of adults who have conducted an online transaction in the past year experience problems when doing so in 2009. Previously it was around 87%. This improvement over prior years is the result of a better focus on delivering perfect experiences to online customer. Although, this reported decline in online transactions issues is good news, online customer experience is still very much a work in progress. The percentage of consumers that are affected by issues can be specified such as error messages (38%), endless loops (19%) and login problems (28%) are still extremely high. Bikramjit Rishi in their study on online shopping finds it a very innovative option for the marketers in addition to the already existing distribution channels. It is innovative and creative because marketers can experiment with it in the form of content, visibility and availability. In India online shopping is considered as a relevant and meaningful alternative channel for retailing and also it is now an important part of theShow MoreRelatedFactors Affecting The Indian Online Retail Market1201 Words   |  5 PagesOnline retail market in India: Recent changes in the Retail environment in India have pave way for major changes in the infrastructure, technology, regulation, shift in demographic patterns and changes in consumer preferences Broadbridge and Srivastava (2008). The main reasons for the transformation of retail market in India are factors such as rising disposable income, socio-economic growth, urbanization, demographic transitions, increasing middle income group and high demand. Broadbridge and SrivastavaRead MoreOnline Purchase Behavior Of Consumers1524 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribes in detail the type of research method adopted, how the data was collected, purpose of data collection and how this data will be analyzed to derive conclusive results. In the end ethical issues have been discussed. The study aimed to understand the online purchase behavior of consumers in India. The factors leading to an increase in online shopping, current trends in the online retail market and to identify the demographic factors whi ch influence the online purchase. The literature reviewRead MoreTraditional Marketing vs. Online Marketing775 Words   |  3 PagesTraditional versus Online Marketing Traditional marketing (print, TV, radio, billboard, and direct mail) has always provided a means to attract new business and build brand identity (Greenberg, 2011). However, e-marketing programs are now an integral, cost-effective component of the overall marketing strategy of nearly every organization. Internet technologies allow organizations to cast a much wider net in reaching their target audience. Merchants can develop a deeper understanding of consumers by automaticallyRead MoreReliance Fresh Project Reports1678 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"CONSUMER PERCEPTION AND THEIR BUYING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS â€Å"RELIANCE FRESH† SUPERMARKETS NEW DELHI, INDIA.† Chapter 1: Introduction Reliance Retail: Retailing is the interface between the producer and the individual consumer buying for personal consumption. This excludes direct interface between the manufacturer and institutional buyers such as the government and other bulk customers. A retailer is one who stocks the producer’s goods and is involved in the act ofRead MoreOnline Shopping : Developing Countries1017 Words   |  5 Pageshas transformed how retailers and buyers meet at the market place through physical and online purchases, distribution of products and services(Bashir, 2013). Although deemed to be a familiar channel for success and growth in developed countries, online shopping is still considered an innovation in developing countries like Tanzania (Mlelwa, 2015; Zaied, 2012) According to Katawetawaraks Wang(2011) online shopping has facilitated the presence of many foreign companies looking to boost theirRead MoreConsumer Electronics Purchasing Behavior1425 Words   |  6 PagesA RESEARCH REPORT ON: â€Å"Consumer electronics purchasing behavior† Submitted By: Preetesh Shetty MMS-1, SEMESTER-2 DIV-C Roll no: 2011157 Project guide: Prof. Taruna Parmar DECLARATION I Preetesh shetty, pursuing Master’s of Management Studies, semester 2 from Lala Lajpat Rai Institute of Management hereby declare that the research report entitled â€Å"Consumer electronics purchasing behavior† is submitted by me as a project work and is an original work. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would likeRead MoreA Good With Luxury Brand1498 Words   |  6 Pagesit becomes one of the most important symbols for social status and life style in worldwide nowadays. In the meanwhile, online shopping continues to a robust growth, with a result of online retail sales contributing to 4.9% of total sales in the first quarter of year 2012, under the phenomena of economic crisis(Bureau, 2012). However, if luxury brand performs a good show for online shopping adoption, especially in China. It is known to us that after year 1978 for the Chinese economic reform, ChinaRead MoreImpact of Persuasive Advertisements on Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Health Related Products.1296 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚   | RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORMAT |   Ã‚  Ã‚   | Research Title: |    |   Impact of persuasive advertisements on consumer buying behavior towards health related products. | Introduction: |   Ã‚   | This thesis is about the study of consumer buying behavior towards health related product and their perceptions after watching advertisements and then make their decisions whether to purchase the product or not. This will help to find out the most important factors which can affect the buying behavior of the consumerRead MoreCase Study : Walmart Inc.1229 Words   |  5 PagesWalmart Inc. is a retail store with locations all over the country. It offers all kinds of consumer goods at affordable prices such as groceries, clothes, furniture, and household appliances. Walmart is able to do this because of its size and influence in the industry. As the top retail store in the country, it is able to negotiate better pricing deals with suppliers for their inventory hence keeping their costs down. A part of this benefit is passed off to the customer in the form of affordableRead MoreCh 1 H.W Consumer Behavior978 Words   |  4 PagesQ1:describe the interrelationship between consumer behavi or and the marketing concept. A1: marketing concept determine the needs and wants of specific target markets and Deliver satisfaction better than competition. consumer behavior includes all the decisions a consumer makes when spending their time and money. The what, why, when, where, and how of consumer purchases are examined in consumer behavior. It is not just individuals, but households, families, and groups that influence the decisions

Divorce Negative Effects - 1285 Words

Cooper Nalley Professor Lavolette English 101 6 December 2017 A Positive Outlook on a Divorce Divorce is always a dreadful experience in a persons life, especially a childs’. When parents divorce, children are left hopeless and confused. A divorce can cause a child to have a variety of different reactions. The effects on the child are much more important than the actual divorce. A divorce causes the most damage to the children in the divorce. Each child sees a divorce differently, but most divorces have a negative impact on the childs life. When I was a teengager, my parents spilt up. This was an extremely hard time for me because I was so confused. Their divorce caused me to become someone who I was not. After the divorce, I†¦show more content†¦Divorce has negative effects on children because if children are left out from one of their parents, they are more likely to have lower self-esteem and psychological damage (Portnoy et al. 126). So, some children of divorced parents have behavior problems, such as, depression, low self-esteem actions and poor school p erformance (Portnoy et al. 126). Children often feel abandoned and unwanted and some of them also feel that they are responsible for their parents getting a divorce. Children usually feel a lot of pain and emotional conflict during and after divorce. Whether they say it or not, parents can never be sure how deeply children are affected by the divorce and the struggles around it. After a divorce, the child is left with a bunch of responsibilities that they might not be able to handle on their own. In a research conducted by Mavis E. Hetherington, found â€Å"The play patterns of children from divorced families, in comparison to those of children in non divorced families, were less socially and cognitively mature when measured shortly after divorce† (Hetherington). A divorce affects a child in many different ways. The hardest responsibility the children have to go through is knowing how to accept the circumstances taken by their parents. This was hard for me because I had no one to talk to. I had to try and overcome my feeling of being sad and frustration without showing my peers. I did not want my peers to see me as weak because of the situ ation I wasShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Divorce1475 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, Divorce occurs after a husband and wife decide not to live together anymore and they do not want to marry one another. They agree to sign legal documents that allow them to marry other people if they so wish. Divorce is a problem that is increasing every year. It also affects our society, which most countries face. Divorce causes many negative effects, someRead MoreNegative Effects Of Divorce1718 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce is a controversial issue in the United States. On one side of the argument, some researchers claim that children of divorced parents are still able to adapt to their new environment and have an enhanced level of maturity, among other things. On the other hand, researchers like Karl Zinsmeister believe that the effects of divorce on children can never be fully overcome and marital conflicts cause significantly less damage to children than divorce does (Zinsmeister, 1996). The purpose of thisRead MoreNegative Effects of Divorce1303 Words   |  5 PagesDivorce c an be one of the biggest environmental pressures put on a child with lasting affects that can lead well into their adulthood. With an increase in the number of divorces taking place each year it is starting to become a major concern for not only children and their families but also for society as a whole. Every year around one million children are affected by divorce; furthermore when looking at this year alone half of the children born will see their parents divorce before they reach ageRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Divorce1710 Words   |  7 PagesGetting a divorce is not an easy decision. As a matter of fact, for many people getting a divorce is one of the hardest things they will have to deal with. Divorce has a long-lasting effect on the entire family. For example, according to Clarke-Stewart and Brentano (2006, p. 56), the couple getting a divorce can feel anxious and depressed by the situation. They also mention that children can be the most affected because they might fe el confused and betrayed. However, the aftermath of divorce is differentRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Divorce1447 Words   |  6 Pagesworldwide is divorce. Research has shown that there is a significant amount of effects on children after a divorce. This is most likely because of the mental and physical chaos the children are feeling. In many divorce cases, there are long-term effects that hinders children from having a peaceful adult-life. These effects include: relationship issues, inability to make a place feel like a home, and the emotional hardship that comes with moving away from a parent. Aside from the negative effects divorceRead MoreNegative Effects Of Divorce1409 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Center for Disease Control and Prevention 813,862 divorces have been granted in 45 out out the fifty states in 2017 alone (Marriage and Divorce). Around half of those divorces will involve children. With divorce becoming a prominent phenomenon it has become increasingly important f or the two parties involved to remain courteous. Children’s lives are easily impacted when they are forced to go through this life altering situation. Divorce can inflict damage both mentally and psychologically. WhenRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Divorce689 Words   |  3 PagesWith approximately 876,000 divorces per year in the United States alone, many people today are bringing up the controversial topic: should divorces be made harder to obtain? Many people think that it would be best if families stayed together, while others believe that an unhappy marriage is useless, and the dissolution of the marriage is the best choice. However, with current laws being the way they are, the process of getting a divorce is too simple, which is why people tend to opt out of theirRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Divorce1089 Words   |  5 Pagesending a marriage, but it can no longer ignore the massive effects that come with it, especially to children. To the parents, the effect is separation from one another. To the children, the effects include engaging in drug abuse to get over the emotional turmoil, committing a crime to earn money to support the family, and performing poorly in school, especially in spelling, reading, and mathematics (Scott et al., 2014). With the rate of divorce increasing rapidly in the country, children are going toRead MoreNegative Effects Of Divorce On Children1072 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are the Negative Effects of Divorce on Children When I was five years old I was forced to make a choice. This was a choice many children should not have to make and can never really be prepared for. My parents were getting a divorce and they decided it was in my best interests to give me the option to live with whomever I chose. It was a burden that to this day affects my relationship with one of my parents. Ultimately, I chose to live with my mother and from then on, my father would barelyRead MoreThe Negative Effect of Divorce on Children Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesThe Negative Effect of Divorce on Children Divorce has a negative effect on the psychological and social aspects of our children, which may appear instantly or not come to the surface for years. This is why I think that divorce should only be a last resort and not rushed into even by couples with the most troubled marriages. The only acceptable reason for someone rushing into divorce is if they or their children are in danger. I believe that marriage is a commitment not to be taken lightly and

U.s. Health Insurance Coverage - 1140 Words

With the development of public health in U.S., the health insurance coverage has benefited most American citizens. But there is a large ethnic minority group in the U.S. which is most likely to lack coverage, Hispanics. Concerning Latinos with health, there is a barrier for Latinos to get health care. Latinos who are not citizens or permanent residents do not have health insurance, even though PPACA legal non-citizen residents will be able to buy insurance. Without health insurance, Hispanics face health disparities that make them suffer with bad health outcomes and having a higher illness rates. However, there is special group which highly requires health care, Hispanic women. National studies indicate, â€Å"Mexican immigrant women tend to†¦show more content†¦By collecting date resources from official and do the analysis, they find that â€Å"this population is also less likely than the native-born population to have access to a regular health care provider due in part to the high cost of such care and partly due to the lack of continuous coverage.† (Brown 991). There is a common situation among them that they are not covered by Medicaid or private insurance. Lack of health insurance reinforce Mexican women to deserve reasonable pre-pregnancy check. In Betancourt’s study, the table 5 also shows that seventy-six percent of Latino women have experienced the barrier of cost. Considering the Hmong’s situation, Lia’s family are also encountering the cost problem. Lia’s parents are in poverty-stricken situation, and they failed to provide her with medical care. It results in pushing Lia in a vulnerable crowd, the disadvantaged child. When they are trying to save Lia by holding a soul-calling party which is Hmong’s traditional treatment method, â€Å"it took the Lee family about a month to save enough money from their welfare checks, and from gifts from their relatives’ welfare checks, to finance a soul ­calling party for Lia.† (Fadiman 10). The timing of prenatal care of most Mexican-origin women is relatively late compared to the pregnancies from other races and a lot of Mexican pregnancies have not received ideal medical care. The cause would be that they are encountering language barrier. In the article â€Å"Prenatal Care Experiences and

Critical Lens free essay sample

Michelle Veliz Period 7 4/27/12 Critical Lens Essay A famous author named Richard Wright once said, â€Å"All literature is a protest†. In simpler terms, books have been written to raise awareness about problems in order for humans to find solutions for them. This quote is true because in most works of literature the author makes their characters go through difficult obstacles to overcome that not everyday people go through. The book Night was written to protest against anti-Semitism, which means hatred towards Jews. This book took place during the Holocaust where times were hard and unforgettable for the Jews. The main character Elie takes the reader on a grieving journey where he describes his accounts from the Holocaust where he was mistreated and was seen as an outsider. On the other hand, the book Animal Farm by George Orwell was written to alert the world about totalitarian leaders and perplexed people. Totalitarian leaders had control over society, which gave them the right to mistreat their people and abuse their power. Macbeth becomes a tyrannical ruler and is forced to commit more murders in order to protect himself from suspicion. In literature, evil seems like a good choice and is slightly successful but in the end it is proven to be less than good, possibly even harmful. The idea that evil often triumphs but never conquers in literature is true. This is shown in Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. In Lord of the Flies, Ralph is chosen the leader and sets the goal of getting rescued using a signal fire to attract ships. Jack is the leader of the hunters and wishes to use authoritarian rule over democratic rule. Jack is ruled over by evil through his selfishness in wanting to hunt and forget about the fire. He hides behind a mask and quickly moves towards complete savagery. He never gets that far since the boys are rescued by a naval officer. In Macbeth, the main character, Macbeth is persuaded by his wife, Lady Macbeth, to murder the king of Scotland so he will take the throne. Lady Macbeth makes Macbeth feel unmanly and cowardly so he will be tempted to follow through with the plan. The evil that has won over Macbeth allows him to be more comfortable with having people murdered. He finds safety and security within the apparitions, but is surprised when he learns that he can be killed and ends up getting murdered. Jack in Golding’s Lord of the Flies and Macbeth in Shakespeare’s Macbeth are two characters that chose to be evil but are never dominated by it. The novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding can be applied to the idea that in any given situation evil will prove that it is powerful and can be successful even though in the end it will actually be weaker than it seems to be. This is true as it can be seen in the decisions that Ralph and Jack and his hunters make. The first literary element which establishes the force of evil is the rising action. At first the group of boys set a fire that gets out of control and ends up burning a quarter-square mile of the forest. Then later in the novel Jack and his hunters take the boys who are supposed to be tending the fire on a hunting trip and while they are gone the fire goes out. The smoke from that fire could have decided the boys’ fate on the island especially if a ship went by while the fire was out. The boys also haven’t been following the rules when it comes to drinking water and using the bathroom. Some of the things that aren’t being done are refilling the coconuts after they are emptied and using the appropriate place as a lavatory. The information provided by the rising action shows that evil seems like a good choice and can be successful even when reality it isn’t. You can see this in how the boys continue to pile wood on the fire so that they can stay warm and feel safe. They thought that doing this was a good idea even though they got carried away and caused destruction to the environment. This is also shown in how the boys begin to follow the rules less and less the longer they remain on the island with no adults. A second literary element which proves that evil is triumphing is the climax. The climax occurs when a majority of the boys are out hunting and they target a sow with piglets and kill the sow in a savage way. During the killing one of the boys does something sexually inappropriate to the sow. the death of the sow in a savage-like way reveals that the boys are losing their civility on the island. The climax shows that evil has proven that it can be successful since it is starting to turn the boys to savagery and caused them to kill the sow the way they did. Most importantly the literary element which reveals that evil may triumph but never conquer is the resolution. The resolution in Lord of the Flies occurs when Jack and his tribe set the island on fire in an attempt to smoke out Ralph and kill him while they are hunting. Up to this point Ralph has remained fairly civilized and hasn’t acted too much like a savage. He follows the rules and has focused on having the fire to give a signal so they can be rescued. He tried his best to keep the boys organized and civilized even when all they did was act like savages nd not care about the rules or getting rescued. Jack and his tribe have become so uncivilized that they will do anything in their power to get rid of Ralph so Jack could be the only leader. The fire built from attempting to smoke out Ralph is so large that it attracted a naval ship that was passing by. Jack’s tribe chased Ralph all of the way out to the beach where they ran into a naval officer there to take them ho me. The resolution shows that evil will never conquer in how the naval officer arrives and stops the chase. If the boys didn’t set the island on fire or if the ship didn’t see the smoke, the tribe could have possibly caught Ralph and killed him. If this were to have happened evil would have taken complete control over Jack and his hunters meaning evil would have conquered. At this point the boys would be entirely uncivilized and as savage-like as possible. Also if the naval officer didn’t appear to rescue the boys the critical lens would prove to be false, but since he did rescue them the lens is true. With this being said, the actions of Ralph, Jack and his hunters prove that evil can appear to be successful even though in the end it is less than good and doesn’t come out on top. William Shakespeare’s novel Macbeth also supports the theory that evil may seem like a good choice and be beneficial even when, in the end, it is inferior to the forces of good. This theory is true and can be prove by the characters, Macbeth and Macduff, in this Shakespearian piece of literature. The first literary element that brings about the forces of evil in this work is the rising action. In this point of the book, the wife of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, guilts Macbeth, the main character and tragic hero, into murdering the original king, King Duncan, so he can seize the throne for himself. In order to accomplish this she asks Macbeth if he is a man and reminds him that he promised that he would follow through with it. This shows that evil is established since Macbeth has committed himself to killing Duncan, revealing that he believes evil could be the right choice to help make him king. Another literary element that proves evil is triumphing is the climax of the novel. In the climax, Macbeth finally decides to kill Duncan. To help make the deed easier, Lady Macbeth gets the guards drunk, and Macbeth uses their daggers to commit the crime. Then he plants the weapons back on the guards so that it appears as if the guards murdered Duncan themselves. Macbeth was willing to act evil because he believed that doing so would be beneficial to him, proving that evil is triumphing. Macbeth was convinced to be evil, so he decided to act evil. The literary element that reveals evil may triumph but will never conquer is the resolution given by Shakespeare. During the resolution, Macbeth learns something that he thought he was completely safe from. He was told by one of the witches’ apparitions that he couldn’t be killed by one born of woman. At this point Macduff and his rallied troops meet at Birnam woods and carry branches to Dunsinane to show that the forest is moving and cause Macbeth to be paranoid. As Macbeth and Macduff duel it out, Macduff reveals to Macbeth that he was untimely ripped from his mother’s womb. These means that he was born via Caesarian section and that he can, in fact, kill Macbeth. Then Macduff takes Macbeth’s life and beheads him to prove to Malcolm that the tyrant has been slayed. This outcome shows that evil can never conquer in how the good in Macduff is able to overpower the evil in Macbeth. Evil is actually proven to be a bad choice rather than a good choice since the character that represented evil is murdered. The two characters, Macbeth and Macduff, show that evil is not a good choice even though it may seem so and that in the end good always comes out on top. In literature, evil seems like a good choice and is slightly successful but in the end it is proven to always be less than good. This theory is true as the novels Lord of the Flies by William Golding and Macbeth by William Shakespeare prove it to be. The characters and events that best demonstrate the theory that in literature, evil often triumphs but never conquers, are Ralph and Jack from Lord of the Flies, Macbeth and Macduff from Macbeth, the rising action, climax, and resolution of both stories. The longer Jack and his hunters remain on the island the more uncivilized and savage they become. The savage-like and uncivilized actions show evil may triumph and the rescue of the boys and Ralph show that evil will never come out on top. Macbeth decides to use evil to benefit himself and becomes more comfortable with killing and having people killed when in the end he himself ends up being murdered by good. The idea presented by the critical lens can actually be connected to the real world. For example, in the real world, people revolt in order to cause change to their government so that they can benefit from certain things also. During some of the revolts people choose to be evil and act using violence. It seems like it would be a good idea but then proves that it may have not been such a good idea when they are arrested and put in jail. Some of the Occupy Albany protesters refused to follow the revised laws enforced by the state and many of them were booked and put in jail for their actions. This all occurred during one night and even though they were doing it to continue to try and prove a point good still came out on top when many were arrested.

The Health Risks of Childhood Obesity free essay sample

The paper discusses the problem of childhood obesity and analyzes the possible causes. In addition to this, the paper discusses as to what should be done to resolve this problem. This paper presents a study conducted on the increasing number of children classed as overweight or obese The author examines how childhood obesity most often lends to adulthood obesity, and how this may give rise to an immense public health problem in the future. The specific aim of the research study is to find out the reasons for the existence of the problem of obesity among the children, to study the consequences of the problem on the physical and mental health of the individual and to propose different solutions to the problem. We will write a custom essay sample on The Health Risks of Childhood Obesity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The research plan is developed with the aim to identify the health risks associated with childhood obesity. The research objectives thus defined aim at the identification of the health risks associated with the problem and on proposing the possible solutions to the problem. Moreover, it is the objective of our research to find out the possible causes of the problem and to define specific tools that are used for the identification of the problem. We have taken a sample of 30 individuals consisting of 15 girls and 15 boys within an age limit of 6-10 years. The sample is taken out of a wide population of the children attending schools and facing the problem of obesity. Sampling is done on random basis as it was the most convenient and simplest method of sampling when dealing with such a huge population. The research findings are based on the observations of the behavior of the children with respect to their eating habits, physical activities etc. The aim was to identify the reasons and consequences of obesity. After identification of the problem and the causes of the problem several suggestions are made in order to overcome the problem of obesity.

Spatial Interaction in Supply and Demand

Spatial Interaction in Supply and Demand Spatial interaction is the flow of products, people, services, or information among places, in response to localized supply and demand. It is a transportation supply and demand relationship that is often expressed over a geographical space. Spatial interactions usually include a variety of movements such as travel, migration, transmission of information, journeys to work or shopping, retailing activities, or freight distribution. Edward Ullman, perhaps the leading transportation geographer of the twentieth century, more formally addressed interaction as complementarity (a deficit of a good or product in one place and a ​surplus in another), transferability (possibility of transport of the good or product at a cost that the market will bear), and lack of intervening opportunities (where a similar good or product that is not available at a closer distance). Complementarity The first factor necessary for interaction to take place is complementarity. In order for the trade to take place, there has to be a surplus of the desired product in one area and a shortage of demand for that same product in another area. The greater the distance, between trip origin and trip destination, the less likelihood of a trip occurring and the lower the frequency of trips. An example of complementarity would be that you live in San Francisco, California and want to go to Disneyland for a vacation, which is located in Anaheim near Los Angeles, California. In this example, the product is Disneyland, a destination theme park, where San Francisco has two regional theme parks, but no destination theme park. Transferability The second factor necessary for interaction to take place is transferability. In some cases, it is simply not feasible to transport certain goods (or people) a great distance because the transportation costs are too high in comparison to the price of the product. In all other cases where the transportation costs are not out of line with price, we say that the product is transferable or that transferability exists. Using our Disneyland trip example, we need to know how many people are going, and the amount of time we have to do the trip (both travel time and time at the destination). If only one person is traveling to Disneyland and they need to travel in the same day, then flying may be the most realistic option of transferability at approximately $250 round-trip; however, it is the most expensive option on a per person basis. If a small number of people are traveling, and three days are available for the trip (two days for travel and one day at the park), then driving down in a personal car, a rental car or taking the train may be a realistic option. A car rental would be approximately $100 for a three-day rental (with for to six people in the car) not including fuel, or approximately $120 round-trip per person taking the train (i.e., either Amtraks Coast Starlight or the San Joaquin routes). If one is traveling with a large group of people (assuming 50 people or so), then it may make sense to charter a bus, which would cost approximately $2,500 or about $50 per person. As one can see, transferability can be accomplished by one of several different modes of transportation depending on the number of people, distance, the average cost to transport each person, and the time available for travel. Lack of Intervening Opportunities The third factor necessary for interaction to take place in the absence or lack of intervening opportunities. There may be a situation where complementarity exists between an area with a high demand for a product and several areas with a supply of that same product in excess of local demand. In this particular case, the first area would be unlikely to trade with all three suppliers, but would instead trade with the supplier that was closest or least costly. In our example of the trip to Disneyland, Is there any other destination theme park identical to Disneyland, providing an intervening opportunity between San Francisco and Los Angeles? The obvious answer would be no. However, if the question was, Is there any other regional theme park between San Francisco and Los Angeles that could be a potential intervening opportunity, then the answer would be yes, since Great America (Santa Clara, California), Magic Mountain (Santa Clarita, California), and Knotts Berry Farm (Buena Park, California) are all regional theme parks located between San Francisco and Anaheim. As you can see from this example, there are numerous factors that could affect complementarity, transferability, and lack of intervening opportunities. There are many other examples of these concepts in our daily lives, when it comes to planning your next vacation, watching the freight trains roll through your town or neighborhood, seeing the trucks on the highway, or when you ship a package overseas.

ACE Program Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ACE Program - Case Study Example The patient underwent a cystoscopy and was diagnosed with cervical cancer. The doctor recommended daily pelvic radiation therapy and weekly cisplation at 30 mg/m^2.The patient has reported reduced abdominal pain; however she reports increased fatigue and shortness of breath and exertion. As she is also a very aged woman she frequently loses temper with the doctors and starts shouting and throwing things about. Nurses consider her as a very difficult patient and are afraid of being put on her duty. She is also reported to have serious lifestyle issues. She has been reported to smoke 1 pack of cigarettes daily and also drinks 4 beers on an average per day. She gets very irritated these days as she is not allowed to smoke inside the hospital complex. I was put on her duty after she had been at the hospital for about one week. When I went to meet her she was very irritated and started shouting at me. I decided to act nicely and patiently handled her tantrums. I never tried to shout back and didn’t ask any other nurse to take duty in my place. She warmed up to me after 3 days and asked my name. I took this opportunity to have a chat with her and ask her about her health. After winning her confidence my first step was to educate her about cervical cancer. She was completely unaware as to why she was admitted to the hospital. I patiently told her about her condition and also elaborated on the steps being taken to make her fit again. She was quite receptive to this and in fact wanted to know more about cervical cancer. Within 2 days she was discussing about her reports and asked me about her white blood cell count. I then decided to discuss self management with her in the presence of her grandsons. Cervical cancer had caused her to lose her appetitive .She was also witnessing the side effects of treatment such as nausea , and sores inside her mouth which made eating difficult. I contacted the hospital’s nutritionist and also consulted her doctor in prepar ing a diet plan for her which will make sure that her calorie and protein intake are appropriate. I also encouraged her family members to be present with her as much as they can. I presented her grandson with a game of chess and asked her to play it with her grandma. This was essential so that she maintains mild levels of physical activity and energy levels remain up. After this I decided to study her medical report in detail. The treatment plan for her was cisplation 30 mg/m^2 intravenously weekly with concurrent pelvic radiation therapy daily. I saw that pelvic radiation therapy was making her constipated. This was probably one of the reasons for her irritable behavior. I consulted with the doctor about this problem and we recommended her docusate sodium in order to make her bowl movements more comfortable. As she followed the above mentioned advices her behavior considerably improved over the weeks. She still was fatigued but was responding to treatment and being less irritable. Once this was achieved I now decided to address her problem of smoking and alcohol. Smoking has been identified as one of the reasons of cervical cancer. I prepared a chart for her which would slowly her to reduce her smoking habits. It was essential that she was shown reasons to quit smoking. She always said that she has lived with a cigarette for 30 of her 66 years; she is not going to abandon it in the end. I took the help of hospital’s psychologist and tried to show her what all she will miss if she dies due to smoking. It took a long time to convince her but she was finally prepared to give it a try although she was not completely convinced. Benner’

Amercia Dream through the stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Amercia Dream through the stories - Essay Example In the analyzed short stories, namely â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathanial Hawthorn, and â€Å"Bartleby, the Scrivener† by Herman Melville, the main characters fail to reach the American dream in the form it is defined here. The story of the life of the main character of the short story by William Faulkner, Emily, is anything but the American dream. Once belonging to a respected family, she ends her life in the inmost poverty. In fact, it is she who is responsible for such dire conditions of her life. The concept of American dream described above suggests every person has equal opportunities and freedom to become successful in life. Emily neglected the opportunity to restore the reputation of her family. She believes that the rich stay rich even though they lose everything they once had. Moreover, she fences herself off the real life where she could have at least some friends and get help. She also does not take advantage of an opportunity to communicate with people and by this climb out of oblivion and poverty. Overall, it is the hidebound view of the upper-class society to which Emily believes she still belongs that do not let the American dream come true. The fail of the American dream can be also traced in the short story by Nathaniel Hawthorn titled â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. The action takes place in colonial America, and during this historical period it is Puritanism, the purest of all the religion. In this short story, however, this religion is shown from the opposite point of view with all its atrocities and rigidity represented metaphorically by the author. In this very case, it is the society, in which religion is central, is what prevents Goodman Brown from reaching his American Dream. The matter is that when the main character experiences the transition from the ignorance and blind faith to the truth, he sees the real picture of what is

Evolvement of the international regime of refugee protection Essay Example for Free

Evolvement of the international regime of refugee protection Essay Many people today are inclined to distinguish refugees as a relatively new phenomenon that mostly occurs in countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and in rapidly disintegrating countries in the Balkans and the ex Soviet Union. Certainly during the past few decades the majority refugees have fled violent conflicts or persecution in the developing countries; but mass refugee movements are neither new nor exceptional to the Third World (Gil Loescher, ed., 1992). They have been a political as well as a humanitarian issue for as long as mankind has lived in structured groups where intolerance and domination have existed. The difference is that, before this century, refugees were regarded as assets somewhat than liabilities; countries granted refuge to people of geo-political, religious, or ideological views similar to their own; and rulers viewed organize over large populations, along with natural resources and terrain itself, as an index of power and national greatness (Michael Marrus, 1985). As most refugees of earlier eras found it probable to gain safe haven outside their country of origin, this has not been the case for numerous refugees in the twentieth century. After both world wars, Europe practiced refugee flows similar to those taking place in the Third World today. Like most modern refugee movements, people left their homes for varied and multifarious reasons, including the severe economic distraction and starvation that accompanied the violence and interference of war and the upheaval of political and social revolution that followed the disintegration of multiethnic empires and the creation of new nation-states. The majority of these people were members of unwanted minority groups, political escapees, or the victims of warfare, communalism, and haphazard violence. Fundamentally, the refugee problems of the period from 1921 to 1951 were political ones, as they are today. The international reactions to mass expulsions, compulsory transfers of population, mass exits, and capricious denial of return were often weak and contradictory. In circumstances related to those that exist in parts of the Third World and Eastern Europe today, mass incursions threatened the security of European states, particularly when numerous refugee crises became protracted affairs that surpassed the competences of humanitarian agencies and individual states to resolve. Organized international efforts for refugees began in 1921, while the League of Nations appointed the first High Commissioner for Refugees. Over the next twenty years, the scope and functions of supporting programs gradually expanded, as efforts were made to regularize the status and control of stateless and denationalized people. Throughout World War II and after it, two expensive and politically contentious refugee organizations the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency and the International Refugee Organization, each with a fundamentally different mandate further developed the international organizational framework. Since 1951, an international refugee regime composed of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and a network of other international agencies, national governments, and voluntary or nongovernmental organizations has developed a reaction strategy that permits some refugees to remain in their countries of first asylum, facilitate others to be resettled in third countries, and arranges for still others to be send back to their countries of origin. Though unevenly applied, international laws that delegate refugees as a unique class of human rights victims who must be accorded special protection as well as benefits have been signed, ratified, and in force for numerous decades. yearly, billions of dollars are raised and spent on refugees. Historians have argued that refugees are a definitely contemporary problem and that international concern for refugees is a twentieth-century fact (Malcom Proudfoot, 1957). Though refugees have been a trait of international society for a long time, before this century there was no global protection for refugees as we know it at present; for the most part, they were left to fend for themselves without any official support. Citizens enjoyed the security of their sovereigns or national governments, but once they broke with their home countries and became refugees, they were completely bereft of protection except as other states or private institutions or individuals might choose to provide it. Asylum was a gift of the crown, the church, and municipalities; and renegade individuals and groups could be expecting no response to claims of asylum or protection premised on human or political right. Refugees have been present in all era. Refugees from religious maltreatment propagated throughout Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Aristide Zolberg, Astri Suhrke , and Sergio Aguayo, 1989). Protestants, Catholics, and Jews were expelled by several regimes and admitted by others according to their beliefs, ideologies, and economic inevitability. By the late seventeenth century, with the attainment of a high degree of religious homogeneity in most parts of Europe, the age of religious harassment gave way to an age of political disruption and revolution, during which individuals were persecuted for their political opinions and their opposition to new radical regimes. New waves of refugees were prompted by these revolutionary conflicts. The nineteenth century produced many comparatively small refugee flows, mostly from other revolutionary and nationalist movements in Poland, Germany, France, and Russia. Europeans who feared persecution could move to one of the numerous immigrant countries in the New World still eager for an improved labor force and for settlers to fill empty territories. There they could merge with other migrant groups and neither regards them nor is labeled as refugees. therefore, before the twentieth century, there were no groups of homeless Europeans cast adrift in a world that rejected them. The refugee is significant precisely because the refugee is an exception; the refugee is outside of some overarching framework. Whereas to celebrate the incomparable position of the refugee beyond violent state constraints, lawyers and practitioners seek to put the refugee inside several type of regime to avoid the violence of the inter. For the lawyers and practitioners, refugees are exceptions, it is decisive to repeat, in the sense that there is no observable entity to protect them. Whereas, the legal refugee regime seeks to protect citizens who have fallen outside the borders of customary state responsibility. As Goodwin-Gill notes: Refugee law †¦ remains an incomplete legal regime of protection; wrongly covering what ought to be a situation of exception. It goes some means to alleviate the plight of those affected by breaches of human rights standards or by the disintegrate of an existing social order in the wake of insurgency, civil strife, or aggression; but it is incomplete so far as refugees and asylum seekers might still be denied even temporary refuge or temporary protection, safe return to their homes, or compensation. They are denied, that is, by states which are not gratifying their obligations. Goodwin-Gill assumes that if all states were satisfying all their obligations there would be no exceptions and hence no refugees. International lawyers and practitioners presume that the internal basis of the state system is non-violent and that violent eruptions are exceptions and hence cause exceptions called refugees. In Dillons terms, international lawyers try to find resolutions to the problem of the inter within the nation-state. Citizens are protected first by their governments as the primary obligation of states is to protect their citizens. Further, governments are organized by various treaties and organisations managing those treaties to make sure that states fulfill their legal obligations to their citizens. These organizations themselves do not protect citizens; they try to guarantee that states do. Refugees are exceptions simply in so far as either their citizenship is in question that is why statelessness is so significant and the determination of citizenship crucial or the accountable government is no longer capable of, or unwilling to offer, proper protection. The role of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) or the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is not to create new state compulsions in the normal function of states, but rather to see that states function in such a way that citizens will be secluded. As Arthur Helton has clearly stated: UNHCRs protection responsibility, which is commended to it by the international community, makes it distinctive among traditional organizations †¦ In a fundamental sense, protection means to secure the satisfaction of basic human rights and to meet primary humanitarian needs. In this sense, the protection of refugees is an conservatory of human rights protection taken in very specific and incomparable situations. The protection function is normal: it is the situation in which the function should operate that is extraordinary. Basic human rights have not changed. The postulation is that if all states respected their compulsions to their citizens in terms of human rights there would be no refugees or refugee flows, which are caused by violations, by exceptions to the rules of appropriate state behavior. Thus, norms dealing with refugees are expansions of the normal obligations of states in unusual situations: they are not extraordinary rules. International politics today displays behavior patterns which imitate the operation of competing ordering principles, including governance by communal self-regulation. Regime analysis attempts to make the point that international relations cannot be reduced to a state of anarchy in the sense that the allowance of goods among states (and their societies) results from the junction of their competitive self-help strategies which they pursue as relative-gains seekers ( Grieco 1990). Certainly, there can be no doubt that for parts of the world the pragmatist assessment of international relations as being in a state of anarchism still seems valid. The Cold War strategies of the United States and the USSR until the eighties or the conflict processes in the Middle East, especially between Israel and its neighbors, but also among Arab states themselves as confirmed by the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, are telling evidence of this observation. However, it would be an embellishment if it were suggested that international politics could be said to be nothing but the sum total of individual or communal self-help strategies by which states seek to attain relative gains (or to avoid or minimize relative losses). This realist evaluation turns a blind eye on a wide variety of interaction patterns which cannot be reduced to competitive self-help strategies. The image of competitive international politics formed by anarchy among sovereign states is most sturdily challenged by the observation of instances of hierarchically ordered supranational policy-making (including implementation). Take the following two examples. The Security Council of the United Nations consented collective sanctions against Iraq after its incursion of Kuwait and established monitoring and supervisory machinery; additionally, after Iraqs defeat the Security Council ordered the destruction of weapons, installations, etc. inside Iraq and had it carried out under its overall guidance. In this sense, the Security Council acted like a governmental body of an initial world minimal state. A less spectacular case is the European Community, where hierarchical, supranational policy-making is quite common in numerous policy sectors. In the field of agricultural policy, for example, policies are most often initiated in Brussels, while national governments are so strongly ensnared in the joint decision trap ( Scharpf 1985) that they have no choice but to seek to manipulate the Community policies there is no longer any way out option. However, neither anarchy-induced competitive global politics nor hierarchically ordered international policy-making fatigues the reality of politics among nations. An escalating part of international political interactions and processes has become the object of international collective self-regulation, i.e. the voluntary partaking by states and other international actors in collective action to accomplish joint gains or to avoid joint losses in conflictual or challenging social situations. Examples of this kind of cooperative self-regulation on the global level include the GATT based international trade regime, the nuclear non-proliferation regime, or the establishment for the protection of the stratospheric ozone layer. However, international regimes are simply one manifestation, perhaps the most prominent, of collective self-regulation by states (and other international actors): it also contains contractual arrangements short of a regime as well as formal international organizations which ease collaboration short of generating compelling obligations, e.g. by the production and diffusion of information. To put it in a different way: the growth of institutions governing international political life has been reasonably remarkable. Taking the best-documented separation of international institutions international governmental organizations (IGOs) the count stands at about 300. It goes almost without saying that this number involves a wide variety of this species of international institution. If one looks at another subset, international treaties formally registered with the United Nations, the number of cases is in the thousands. Even though research on international regimes has engendered a wealth of theoretical and empirical studies, it is as yet hard to assess the quantity and quality of international regime formation that has in fact taken place in the last few decades. There is no source for identifying existing international regimes comparable to the sources just cited for international organizations and international treaties. All kinds of organizations with the rationale of defending or promoting functionally defined interests in the international monarchy are in principle able to implement relatively established forms of co-operation in the pursuit of their interests. If international non-governmental organizations interacting in an issue area agree upon principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures in order to normalize their interactions, one can speak of global regimes. To be sure, this constituent of international order is still underdeveloped and under-researched. As one might, for instance, refer to the post-war arrangement of the seven big oil companies the first oil regime according to Frank (1985) , it remains uncertain whether cartels ought to be considered regimes. In short, while transnational regimes represent a subdivision of international order that may become more important in the near future, it is at present a minor component which nevertheless deserves more comprehensive st udy. Regime analysis acknowledges that its field of inquest does not cover the whole realm of todays international relations, even if we take into account both international and transnational regimes. It is restricted, on the one hand, by those competitive interaction patterns which are described by the pragmatist or neo-realist approaches in International Relations. On the other hand, regime analysis should give way to integration theory if, and to the extent that, supportive interaction patterns move into a transformational mode leading to the formation of a new layer of political authority beyond the nation state. Recognizing the practice of tolerant competition among states as well as the phenomenon of supranationalism, regime investigation seeks to avoid being tied down by the either/ or debate in International Relations between anarchists and govern mentalists. Complex international governance might be an proper label for this peculiarity of modern international relations, in which different kinds of partial orders, varying in local scope and function, coexist. As James Rosenau (1992: 13-14) has put it: Global order is conceived here to be a distinct set of arrangements even though these are not causally associated into a single coherent array of patterns. The organic whole that comprises the present or future global order is organic only in the sagacity that its diverse actors are all claimants upon the earthbound resources and all of them should cope with the same environmental conditions, noxious and polluted as these can be. It is very doubtful that one kind of social order will dominate international relations in the near future and thus will reintroduce a state of affairs which can be described as organic or harmonized. The coexistence of different partial orders each considered legitimate in its sphere might turn out to be a enduring feature of international politics. However, we suggest that the nonhierarchical normative institutions for dealing with conflicts or problematical social situations will gain in importance over time, whereas national governments as such will lose. The resulting institutional complexity will enhance the demand for cognitive capabilities of individuals and will put stress on democratic principles. Responses to this kind of pressure comprise an important field of inquiry for the social sciences in the future. Summing up non-hierarchical international institutions of the international and the international kind play, empirically as well as normatively, an significant role in international politics. They are required in order to meet the increasing demand for international governance and they normally govern issue areas. With the existence and the rise of those institutions international relations are ever more characterized by a complex blend of diverse kinds of social order. Moreover, the formula governance without government might stand for a more enviable vision for a shrinking world than its major alternative: hierarchical norm- and rule-setting (and enforcement) on the international level. Thus, it appears worth while ongoing research on the conditions and consequences of shared self-regulation and consolidating a research programme permitting for a cumulating of knowledge. References: †¢ Aristide Zolberg, Astri Suhrke , and Sergio Aguayo, Escape from Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1989). †¢ Arthur Helton, Editorial, 6 International Journal of Refugee Law, 1994, pp. 1 and 2 †¢ Dillon, Michael, The Asylum Seeker and the Stranger: An Other Politics, Hospitality and Justice (paper presented at the International Studies Association Conference, Chicago, 1995) †¢ Dillon, Michael, The Scandal of the Refugee: Some Reflections on the â€Å"Inter† of International Relations and Continental Thought (private paper, copy with the author) †¢ Frank L. P. ( 1985), The First Oil Regime, World Politics, 37: 568-98. †¢ Gil Loescher, ed., Refugees and the Asylum Dilemma in the Vest (University Park, Penn.: Penn State University Press, 1992), pp. 8-35. †¢ Goodwin-Gill, Guy, The Refugee in International Law (2nd edn, Clarendon Press Oxford, 1996) †¢ Grieco J. M. ( 1990), Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and NonTariff Barriers to Trade ( Ithaca, NY). †¢ Malcom Proudfoot, European Refugees, 1930-1952: A Study in Forced Population Movement ( London: Faber Faber, 1957) †¢ Michael Marrus, The Unwanted: European Refugees in the Twentieth Century ( New York: Oxford University Press, 1985). †¢ Rosenau J. N. ( 1992), Governance, Order, and Change in World Politics, in Rosenau and Czempiel ( 1992), 1-29. †¢ Scharpf F. W. ( 1985), Die Politikverflechtungs-Falle: Europà ¤ische Integration und deutscher Fà ¶deralismus im Vergleich, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 26: 323-56.

Genitourinary Disorder Alteration in Fluid Elimination UTI Essay

Genitourinary Disorder Alteration in Fluid Elimination UTI Introduction Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects the various parts of the urinary system such as the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. In young children, this disease is common and potentially serious. Statistics show that approximately 1% of boys and 3-5% of girls are affected by UTI. While most cases of UTI in boys usually occur within the first year, the age at which the first case of UTI is diagnosed in girls varies greatly. There are many factors that predispose young children to UTI including vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), incomplete emptying of the bladder, sexual abuse, pinworms, and fecal incompetence (Berreman, 2002). Correct diagnosis of UTI is paramount in order to avoid prescribing the wrong medication. In addition, correct diagnosis is critical in developing effective management and care plans for the patient which would go a long way in improving patient outcomes. During diagnosis, various diagnostic methods are used and the patient’s medical history as well as signs and symptoms ought to be a central focus by the clinician. This is important because as opposed to the more clear symptoms in older children and adults, UTI symptoms tend to be less specific and thus hard to detect in young children and infants. In fact, fever may turn out to be the only sign pointing to the possible presence of UTI in infants. In this case study, a case of UTI in a four month old female is examined with a special focus on the medical history, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, etiology, treatment, and management and care of the patient. Medical history and physical assessment of the patient A female infant aged 4 months presents with chi... ...t should be taken. If they appear nontoxic, oral antibiotics and fluids can be used for treatment. However, for patients who appear toxic, parenteral antibiotics and intravenous fluids should be aggressively administered. Most patients with uncomplicated UTI respond well antibiotic treatments in outpatient care without further problems. However, patients with severe or chronic infections require close follow-up, imaging, and appropriate treatment to prevent further sequelae in the long term. If a patient’s condition responds well to therapy, repeated urinalysis and urine cultures are not necessary. Before choosing a particular empiric therapy, clinicians should be aware of antibiotic resistance due to previous exposure of some uropathogens to antibiotics such as in cases of otitis media (Fisher, Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection Treatment & Management, 2011).

Cultural Anthropology Essay

â€Å"The word anthropology is derived from the Greek words anthropo, meaning â€Å"human beings† or â€Å"humankind,† and logia, translated as â€Å"knowledge of† or â€Å"the study of.†1 Likewise, it is a study which comprises four subfields: the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology or ethnology, which constitutes a broad approach to the study of humanity.2 Furthermore, â€Å"Anthropology is the exploration of human diversity in time and space.†3 Consequently, anthropology is a study or discourse of human being which deals human condition in every particular context and time, both past and present. It is a study that deals humans as biological species, as beings with culture and language present in a society, and so on. b. Cultural Anthropology â€Å"Cultural anthropology is the study of human society and culture, the subfield that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences.4 So, it is in this field that human beings are studied in a cultural perspective in order to identify the commonality and difference of one culture to the other. Likewise, â€Å"Cultural anthropology or ethnology is the subfield of anthropology that examines various contemporary societies and cultures throughout the world.†5 Therefore, it does not study human being individually but societally or as a group, in order to come up with a generalization of their way of life. c. Ethnology â€Å"Ethnology examines, interprets, analyzes, and compares the results of ethnography—the data gathered in different societies.†6 Likewise, â€Å"ethnology is the comparative science that attempts to identify and explain cultural differences and similarities, test hypotheses, and build theory to enhance our understanding of how social and cultural systems work.7 Thus, ethnology is the science in which the data gathered by the cultural anthropologist  from the different societies through observation are put into analysis and examination. In other words, it is a cross-cultural study. By this, cultural anthropologists describe the similarities and differences of one culture from the other and make generalization about society and culture. 2. What are the two approaches we use in the study of Anthropology? There are two ways of developing testable propositions: the inductive method and the deductive method. In the inductive method, the scientist first makes observations and collects data. On the other hand, deductive method of scientific research begins with a general theory from which scientists develop testable hypotheses. Data are then collected to evaluate these hypotheses. 3. Why the study of Anthropology is important today? Studying human beings, Anthropology is very important today for it examines, analyzes, compares and makes generalization about how people live and behave. In fact, it is so vital to study it these days for this field deals not only the present generation of the human kind but also even those of the past, the history and artifacts, with their way of life basically analyzed and is compared to what we have today. Likewise, it is also crucial to discuss this subject matter, especially cultural anthropology, for it gives anybody a kind of self-awareness to cultural diversity. Hence, anthropology will make us aware of cross-cultural understanding in this diverse world and appreciate the uniqueness of one culture to the other. Furthermore, studying so would give us knowledge in order to avoid ethnocentrism or superiority of one culture to the other for no culture is actually higher than the other. On one hand, anthropology contributes to a general liberal arts education, which helps students develop intellectually and personally, as well as professionally.8 So, it is important as well to study anthropology nowadays for it tries to investigate human condition according to four perspectives, namely, the physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology, which is needed in every career that one may take. Well, for us, seminarians, I think it is an imperative to have knowledge about this course for it enables us to develop our understanding, especially when it comes to cross-cultural one, as future missionaries to foreign lands  someday.

The Reality Of A Utopian Society Essay - 2290 Words

A place where everyone comes together in peace and harmony, where people work, live and cooperate like heaven on earth. Some people may believe that these aspects of a perfect society are possible through the perfection of religion, politics, and examples through history. This society would exceed perfection and be called a Utopia. However, because of the imperfections and diversity within humanity, historical failed attempts of creating a perfect society, and different opinions on a Utopian society, creates the reality of a Utopian community unobtainable. In the 16th century, Sir Thomas More created an island that had a perfect law, politics, economy, and government. He implanted this perfect society idea in his book Utopia. During the 19th century, many philosophers, and novelists began to plunder into the idea of having their own Utopian society. They began to swim in the thoughts of having a perfect community. More’s book discusses how a man named Raphael Hythloday who has discovered what He states, â€Å"The institutions [the Utopians] have adopted have made their community most happy and, as far as anyone can tell, capable of lasting forever...† Here he explains that if a country has great power, then the people within will be happy. If his idea of a perfect place is possible then it will last forever. Throughout the book he explains different standards to what a perfect society would recollect. However, looking closer to the actual meaning of the word utopia, More chooseShow MoreRelatedOrigins Of The Mormon Pionee rs901 Words   |  4 Pagesbranded those early pioneers. After arriving in Utah, they wanted to further their Utopian movement. Mormons consecrated their talents and meager funds all together, to begin construction of the Salt Lake City temple (Scott). 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